		GNU Free Documentation License
		  Version 1.2, November 2002


 Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002  Free Software Foundation,
 Inc.
     51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301
     USA
 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim
 copies of this license document, but changing it is not
 allowed.


0. PREAMBLE

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook,
or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense
of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to
copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it,
either commercially or noncommercially.  Secondarily,
this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
to get credit for their work, while not being considered
responsible for modifications made by others.

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that
derivative works of the document must themselves be free
in the same sense.  It complements the GNU General Public
License, which is a copyleft license designed for free
software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for
manuals for free software, because free software needs free
documentation: a free program should come with manuals
providing the same freedoms that the software does.
But this License is not limited to software manuals; it
can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject
matter or whether it is published as a printed book.
We recommend this License principally for works whose
purpose is instruction or reference.


1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

This License applies to any manual or other work, in any
medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright
holder saying it can be distributed under the terms
of this License.  Such a notice grants a world-wide,
royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
work under the conditions stated herein.  The "Document",
below, refers to any such manual or work.  Any member
of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".
You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute
the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.

A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work
containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied
verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into
another language.

A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter
section of the Document that deals exclusively with the
relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document
to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters)
and contains nothing that could fall directly within
that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in part
a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not
explain any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a
matter of historical connection with the subject or with
related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical,
ethical or political position regarding them.

The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections
whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant
Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is
released under this License.  If a section does not fit
the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to
be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any
Invariant Sections then there are none.

The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that
are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in
the notice that says that the Document is released under
this License.  A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words,
and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.

A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a
machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose
specification is available to the general public, that
is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly
with generic text editors or (for images composed of
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some
widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for
input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a
variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters.
A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose
markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not
Transparent.  An image format is not Transparent if used
for any substantial amount of text.  A copy that is not
"Transparent" is called "Opaque".

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include
plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX
input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD,
and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF
designed for human modification.  Examples of transparent
image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats
include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the
DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available,
and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced
by some word processors for output purposes only.

The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page
itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold,
legibly, the material this License requires to appear in
the title page.  For works in formats which do not have any
title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the
most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding
the beginning of the body of the text.

A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the
Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains
XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ
in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a specific
section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
"Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)  To "Preserve
the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document
means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according
to this definition.

The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to
the notice which states that this License applies to the
Document.  These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be
included by reference in this License, but only as regards
disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these
Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on
the meaning of this License.


2. VERBATIM COPYING

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,
either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
License, the copyright notices, and the license notice
saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced
in all copies, and that you add no other conditions
whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
or further copying of the copies you make or distribute.
However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies.
If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must
also follow the conditions in section 3.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated
above, and you may publicly display copies.


3. COPYING IN QUANTITY

If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that
commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering
more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires
Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that
carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover
Texts on the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly
and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies.
The front cover must present the full title with all words
of the title equally prominent and visible.  You may add
other material on the covers in addition.  Copying with
changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions,
can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous
to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as
many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue
the rest onto adjacent pages.

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the
Document numbering more than 100, you must either
include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with
each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
a computer-network location from which the general
network-using public has access to download using
public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent
copy of the Document, free of added material.  If you use
the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity,
to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus
accessible at the stated location until at least one year
after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly
or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the
authors of the Document well before redistributing any
large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide
you with an updated version of the Document.


4. MODIFICATIONS

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the
Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above,
provided that you release the Modified Version under
precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling
the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses
a copy of it.  In addition, you must do these things in
the Modified Version:

A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any)
   a title distinct from that of the Document, and from 
   those of previous versions (which should, if there were 
   any, be listed in the History section of the Document).  
   You may use the same title as a previous version if the 
   original publisher of that version gives permission.
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons
   or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications
   in the Modified Version, together with at least five of 
   the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
   authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release
   you from this requirement.
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
   Modified Version, as the publisher.
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your
   modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices,
   a license notice giving the public permission to use 
   the Modified Version under the terms of this License, 
   in the form shown in the Addendum below.
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of
   Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the
   Document's license notice.
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.  I. Preserve
   the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
   to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
   authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given
   on the Title Page.  If there is no section Entitled
   "History" in the Document, create one stating the title,
   year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on
   its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
   Version as stated in the previous sentence.
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the
   Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the
   Document, and likewise the network locations given in the
   Document for previous versions it was based on.  These may
   be placed in the "History" section.  You may omit a network
   location for a work that was published at least four
   years before the Document itself, or if the original
   publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or
   "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and 
   preserve in the section all the substance and tone of 
   each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications
   given therein.
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
   unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section
   numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of
   the section titles.
M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".	Such a
   section may not be included in the Modified Version.
N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
   "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any 
   Invariant Section.
O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections
or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain
no material copied from the Document, you may at your option
designate some or all of these sections as invariant.  To do
this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections
in the Modified Version's license notice.  These titles
must be distinct from any other section titles.

You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it
contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version
by various parties--for example, statements of peer review
or that the text has been approved by an organization as
the authoritative definition of a standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover
Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text,
to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified
Version.  Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of
Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements
made by) any one entity.  If the Document already includes
a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you
or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on
behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the
old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
that added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not
by this License give permission to use their names for
publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any
Modified Version.


5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

You may combine the Document with other documents released
under this License, under the terms defined in section
4 above for modified versions, provided that you include
in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all
of the original documents, unmodified, and list them
all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty
Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this
License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may
be replaced with a single copy.  If there are multiple
Invariant Sections with the same name but different
contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
original author or publisher of that section if known,
or else a unique number.  Make the same adjustment to the
section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the
license notice of the combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
"History" in the various original documents, forming one
section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections
Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled
"Dedications".	You must delete all sections Entitled
"Endorsements".


6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and
other documents released under this License, and replace the
individual copies of this License in the various documents
with a single copy that is included in the collection,
provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other
respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection,
and distribute it individually under this License, provided
you insert a copy of this License into the extracted
document, and follow this License in all other respects
regarding verbatim copying of that document.


7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a
volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
"aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation
is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's
users beyond what the individual works permit.	When the
Document is included in an aggregate, this License does
not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are
not themselves derivative works of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to
these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less
than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover
Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document
within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers
if the Document is in electronic form.	Otherwise they must
appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.


8. TRANSLATION

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of
section 4.  Replacing Invariant Sections with translations
requires special permission from their copyright holders,
but you may include translations of some or all Invariant
Sections in addition to the original versions of these
Invariant Sections.  You may include a translation of this
License, and all the license notices in the Document,
and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
include the original English version of this License and
the original versions of those notices and disclaimers.
In case of a disagreement between the translation and the
original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer,
the original version will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4)
to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require
changing the actual title.


9. TERMINATION

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
Document except as expressly provided for under this
License.  Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense
or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically
terminate your rights under this License.  However, parties
who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as
such parties remain in full compliance.


10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised
versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time
to time.  Such new versions will be similar in spirit to
the present version, but may differ in detail to address
new problems or concerns.  See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing
version number.  If the Document specifies that a particular
numbered version of this License "or any later version"
applies to it, you have the option of following the terms
and conditions either of that specified version or of any
later version that has been published (not as a draft)
by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not
specify a version number of this License, you may choose
any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
Software Foundation.


ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

To use this License in a document you have written, include
a copy of the License in the document and put the following
copyright and license notices just after the title page:

    Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.  Permission is granted
    to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
    the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
    Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free
    Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
    Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy
    of the license is included in the section entitled
    "GNU Free Documentation License".

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and
Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with
this:

    with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES,
    with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the
    Back-Cover Texts being LIST.

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some
other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives
to suit the situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program
code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel
under your choice of free software license, such as the
GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free
software.
